Ecological knowledge offers perspectives for sustainable agriculture

Apr. 29, 2013 ? A smart combination of different crops, such as beans and maize, can significantly cut the use of crop protection agents and at the same time reduce the need for fertilizers. Integrating ecological knowledge from nature with knowledge of crops opens up the prospect of a sustainable strategy that will increase yield per hectare at reduced environmental costs. This was the assertion of Prof Niels Anten in his inaugural speech upon accepting the post of Professor of Crop and Weed Ecology at Wageningen University on Monday 22 April.

Prof Anten sees great similarities between nature and a field full of crops. In both cases, plants are surrounded by numerous organisms such as weeds, pollinating insects, fungi, blights and diseases and their natural enemies, all engaged in the struggle for existence.

In order to meet the food demand of nine billion people in 2050 and at the same time reduce our impact on the environment, such as the use of crop protection agents and developments leading to deforestation or desertification, we can no longer rely on synthetic pesticides and fertilizers alone. 'We need to conduct much more research to better understand how to utilize the potential provided by natural ecological processes,' said Professor Anten.

He points to recent research data showing that mixed crops require 20-40% less land to obtain the same total yields as mono-crops. There are several reasons for this. Different plant varieties make use of different growing times and different nutrients in the soil. They can also facilitate each other, for example by providing shade or making the soil more acidic, so that more phosphate is released. Also striking is the fact that mixed cultures are on average 40% less affected by diseases on average than single crops. In China there are even examples of a 90% reduction in diseases caused by fungi, leading to increased overall production.

'Mixed crops like these have a range of benefits. This makes it all the more surprising that so little research has been done into them,' observes Professor Anten. 'Our knowledge of plant breeding and crop physiology has resulted in crops which deliver maximum yield in monocultures. But there has been virtually no equivalent research conducted in mixed crops.'

In his inaugural address entitled 'Crop ecosystems as diverse playing fields,' Professor Niels Anten discusses the parallel development of two fields, the ecology of natural systems such as forests and the ecology of agriculture. Within his teaching and research remit of Crop and Weed Ecology, he will be looking at the connections between these areas of study for the benefit of sustainable crops with high yields.

Neighbours

In his speech, Anten talked at length about the way in which plants can detect each other's presence. Plants responses to neighbour plants can differ depending in whether these neighbours are: friends or a foes, a plant of the same species, a family member or a genetically identical clone, as in many monocultures in the West. A plant uses shade and filtering of sunlight by a neighbouring plant to detect its vicinity and size. It may respond with a growth spurt, towards the light. But the plant also differentiates between species. Maize growing beside wheat will produce deep roots to avoid those of the wheat, whereas if there are roots of beans close by, the maize roots will grow towards them. Plants from the same mother can also react differently to each other than plants from different mothers. So it appears that they recognise each other at the family level too.

Alien neighbouring plants include weeds, which pose an important threat to crop production. The use of herbicides is an important element of weed control, but also harmful to the environment, while more and more weeds are becoming resistant to these agents. 'We will therefore also need to look at other, more ecological solutions,' says Professor Anten. 'In short, in order to achieve a sustainable increase in food production, we will need to deploy all the weapons in our arsenal; among these, the opportunities produced by ecological interactions have to date been largely neglected.'

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/spUkl1JhF8w/130429102403.htm

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A Space Aloha: Hawaii Gears Up for First Satellite Launch

The first space liftoff from the state of Hawaii is scheduled for October to launch a satellite designed by University of Hawaii faculty and students in Honolulu.

A Super Strypi missile will loft the HiakaSat, lifting off from the U.S. Navy's Pacific Missile Range Facility on Kauai. According to officials, the 110-pound (50 kilograms) HiakaSat is a hoped-for prelude to the launch of small satellites on a routine basis.

For the state's first space launch, the University of Hawaii's Hawaii Space Flight Laboratory (HSFL) is the contractor for the launch facility, the satellite booster's three stages, and the spacecraft itself.

The Barking Sands Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) is billed as the world's largest instrumented multi-environment range capable of supporting surface, subsurface, air and space operations simultaneously. The PMRF offers polar and sun-synchronous launch options.

Details of the upcoming satellite launch were previewed earlier this month in Colorado Springs, Colo., at the 29th National Space Symposium, organized by the Space Foundation. [Photos from the 2013?National Space Symposium]

Hyperspectral imaging

Luke Flynn, director of the Hawaii Space Flight Laboratory, said at the symposium ?that the university would like to launch small satellites on a regular basis, thereby attracting companies looking for affordable ways to test space technology.

HiakaSat is being fabricated by HSFL faculty and students.

"Hiaka" means "to recite legends or fabulous stories" in Hawaiian. It is also an acronym for Hyperspectral Imaging, Aeronautical Kinematic Analysis ? with thermal hyperspectral imaging of the Earth as one function the spacecraft will perform.

Hyperspectral imaging collects and processes information from across the electromagnetic spectrum.

Low-cost rocket

The solid-fueled Super Strypi launcher is developed by Sandia National Laboratories, the University of Hawaii and Aerojet. The rocket is based on an enlarged version of Sandia's Strypi sounding rocket. The low-cost rocket uses a rail launcher and can put a payload of a little over 500 pounds (250 kilograms) into a nearly 250-mile (400 kilometer) sun-synchronous orbit.

The University of Hawaii is keen on giving students hands-on experiences in building and launching small satellites, Flynn said. Finding ways to hold down costs in developing space technology "creates a win-win for the university, for the country, for the state, and also for the corporations that are willing to invest," he said.

For HiakaSat, Kauai Community College will be the primary communications link. Honolulu Community College is designing one of the satellite payloads and will operate a receiving station during the HiakaSat mission.

University of Hawaii President M.R.C. Greenwood, giving the university a boost in the space arena, said in a statement: "Hawaii is located in a unique position to become a low-cost gateway to space. The University of Hawai'i is one of the only universities in the world to have both satellite fabrication capabilities and unique, direct access to orbital space."

Leonard David has been reporting on the space industry for more than five decades. He is former director of research for the National Commission on Space and is co-author of Buzz Aldrin's new book "Mission to Mars ? My Vision for Space Exploration," out in May from National Geographic. Follow us?@Spacedotcom, Facebook and Google+. Original article on?SPACE.com.

Copyright 2013 SPACE.com, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/space-aloha-hawaii-gears-first-satellite-launch-142654885.html

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Syria's neighbors cautious about U.S.-led intervention

By Nick Tattersall

ISTANBUL (Reuters) - Syria's neighbors, wary of stirring a conflict that could spill back over their borders, would be reluctant partners in a U.S.-led intervention but are ultimately likely to support limited military action if widespread use of chemical weapons is proven.

The White House disclosed U.S. intelligence on Thursday that Syria had likely used chemical weapons, a move President Barack Obama had said could trigger unspecified consequences, widely interpreted to include possible U.S. military action.

Syrian neighbors Jordan and Turkey, their support key in any such intervention, have long been vocal critics of Bashar al-Assad. Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan, an erstwhile ally of the Syrian President, was among the first to call openly for his overthrow while allowing armed opponents to use Turkish soil.

But their rhetoric has been tempered by the changing circumstances of a war that has dragged on beyond their expectations and grown increasingly sectarian, as well as by the suspicion they will be left bearing the consequences of any action orchestrated by Western powers thousands of miles away.

For Turkey's leaders, facing elections next year, talk of chemical weapons is an uncomfortable reminder of the wave of anti-U.S. sentiment which followed the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, justified by intelligence on nuclear, chemical and biological weapons that turned out to be erroneous.

Turkey, which shares a 900-km border with Syria, has reacted cautiously to the U.S. disclosure while Jordan, fearful of the growing influence of radical Islamists in the Syrian rebel ranks, has voiced its preference for a political solution.

"The international community, and especially the peoples of the Middle East, have lost confidence in any report which argues that there are weapons of mass destruction or chemical weapons," said one source close to the Turkish government.

"Right now, no-one wants to believe them. And if Assad uses chemical weapons some day ... I still think Turkey's primary reaction would be asking for more support to the opposition rather than an intervention."

Turkey's rhetoric on Syria, at least in public, has toned down markedly over the past six months, even as shelling and gunfire spilled over the border and the influx of refugees to camps on its territory swelled to a quarter of a million.

Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu's push for a foreign-protected "safe zone" inside Syria gained little traction among allies and appears to have quietly slipped from the agenda. Even Erdogan, whose speeches were regularly laced with bellicose anti-Assad rhetoric, mentions the conflict less frequently.

But many analysts believe both the pro-U.S. monarchy in Jordan and Erdogan's government in Ankara would toe the line should Washington seek their cooperation in military action.

Turkey's relations with Washington have at times been prickly - notably in 2003 when it failed to allow the deployment of U.S. forces to Turkey to open a northern front in the Iraq war - but strategic cooperation has generally remained strong.

Turkish support and bases proved vital, for example, to U.S. forces in Afghanistan, while Turkey hosts a U.S.-operated NATO radar system to protect against any regional threat from Iran.

"Given the texture of the current government's relations with the U.S. and given the history of its discourse on Syria, I think it would be not impossible but rather difficult for Mr Erdogan not to oblige U.S. demands," said Faruk Logoglu, former Turkish ambassador to Washington and vice chairman of the main opposition Republican People's Party.

RELUCTANT PARTNERS

Although Obama has warned Syria that using chemical weapons against its own people would cross a "red line", he has also made clear he is in no rush to intervene on the basis of evidence he said was still preliminary.

Syria denies using chemical weapons in the two-year-old conflict in which more than 70,000 people have been killed.

Mindful of the lessons of the start of the Iraq war, aides have insisted Obama will need all the facts before deciding what steps to take. But acknowledgment of the intelligence assessment appears to have moved the United States closer - at least rhetorically - to some sort of action, military or otherwise.

Turkey and Jordan would be key to any such move, but they may prove reluctant.

From the outset, Turkey has felt slighted.

Before the crisis, Erdogan cultivated a friendship with Assad, personal ties which he tried to use after the start of the uprising in March 2011 to persuade the Syrian leader to embrace reform and open dialogue. He was rebuffed.

When his strategy changed, he began calling for Assad's removal and allowing the Syrian opposition to organize on Turkish soil. Ankara felt it gained praise from Washington and its allies but little in the way of concrete support.

"Turkey feels lonely in many senses," the Turkish source said, saying that a military intervention now would leave Turkey and Syria's other neighbors reeling from the consequences.

"There is always the risk of creating more destruction and creating a failed state in Syria ... This thing is happening next door. The flames are reaching us, starting to burn us, where they can't reach the United States, Qatar, or the UK."

Jordan's King Abdullah said last year Assad should step down, but the kingdom is increasingly concerned by the growing strength in Syrian rebel ranks of Islamist fighters who view the monarchy with just as much hostility as they do Assad.

Further fuelling those fears is the presence of fighters from the Nusra Front, which has declared its allegiance to al Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahri, among rebels who have taken territory across Syria's southern province of Deraa, only 120 km (75 miles) from the Jordanian capital Amman.

Officials fear Syria has become a magnet for Islamist fighters who could one day turn their guns on Jordan - as Jordanian-born Abu Musab al-Zarqawi did during the sectarian conflict in neighboring Iraq. Zarqawi was widely believed to have been behind simultaneous attacks on Jordanian tourist hotels which killed dozens of people in November 2005.

SENSE OF URGENCY

Such fears could push the U.S. and its allies to act.

"The fact that the opposition is divided cuts both ways. It makes the logistics and even the politics of an intervention more difficult," said Sinan Ulgen of the Istanbul-based Center for Economic and Foreign Policy Studies (EDAM).

"But at the same time it reinforces the urgency of an intervention: the more the international community does not intervene in Syria, the more likely it is that the radical elements will gain the upper hand in a post-Assad Syria."

Turkish officials and diplomats have expressed concern about the role Saudi Arabia may be playing in providing weapons which are going to the hands of radical Islamist elements among the Syrian rebel ranks.

U.S. intelligence agencies believes Assad's forces may have used the nerve agent sarin on a small scale against rebel fighters. The fear is that an increasingly desperate Assad may use such weapons more widely the longer the conflict drags on.

An attack like that on the Iraqi Kurdish city of Halabja - where an estimated 5,000 people died in a poison gas attack ordered by former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein 25 years ago, the most notorious use of chemical weapons in the Middle East in recent history - could sway public opinion in the region.

"A major chemical attack would outrage the Arab and Muslim street ... It would be difficult just to watch, then everyone would intervene," said retired Jordanian air force general Mamoun Abu Nowar.

The role Turkey or Jordan would play in any military action will depend on Washington's strategy, but logistical support for limited missile strikes or possible assistance in enforcing the sort of no-fly zone long advocated by Turkey appear more likely than sending in ground troops.

Turkey is home to NATO's second-largest army and to the Incirlik Air base, which provided logistical support for U.S. troops in Iraq and Afghanistan. It is already hosting hundreds of U.S. soldiers operating part of a NATO Patriot missile system to defend against possible Syrian attack.

Washington meanwhile announced last week it was sending an army headquarters unit - which could theoretically command combat troops - to Jordan, bolstering efforts started last year to plan for contingencies there as Syria's conflict deepens.

"A surgical strike to get the stocks of chemical weapons ... or establishing air superiority through a number of strikes against Syrian air defenses, this is the type of scenario being contemplated in Turkey," said EDAM's Ulgen.

"Anything beyond that is much more difficult to see."

(Additional reporting by Suleiman al-Khalidi and Khaled Oweis in Amman; Writing by Nick Tattersall)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/syrias-neighbors-cautious-u-led-intervention-120014537.html

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Maureen Ryan: 'Mad Men' Recap: The AMC Drama Takes On A Historic Event

Don't read on unless you've seen "The Flood," Sunday's episode of "Mad Men."

Since it debuted, "Mad Men" has been very good at misdirection.

In fact, when I've dinged various episodes in the last year or two, it's often been because they've been short on subtlety. It's not that I require the show to be stealthy all the time -- I actually tend to enjoy "Mad Men" most when it's mixing up tones, moods, structures and styles -- but when the symbolism clangs too loudly or meanings are too overt, it can throw the whole thing off and the stories can start to feel a bit didactic. The show is rightly celebrated for its ambiguity, which isn't to say that episodes that jump headlong into current affairs are failures. They're usually among the show's stronger outings, as was the case with "The Flood."

To put it more briefly, "Mad Men" was quite devious and very obvious this week, and both strategies were deployed well.

The misdirection had to do with the first quarter of the hour, when it looked as though we were in for a typical "Mad Men" hour. We started with the show's signature back-of-the-head shot of Peggy, who was checking out a new apartment. Don and Megan soon headed out to an awards dinner, and Michael Ginsberg came home to find out he'd been set up on a blind date by his dad. So far, so typical: Most episodes focus on a few characters, and the opening scenes gave us no indications that anything out of the ordinary would happen -- which sometimes means that we should brace ourselves for a major event. Since there's no clear pattern regarding when the show will spring those big events on us, the sheer normality of the opening served as camouflage for what was about to happen.

Various bits of business occurred at the award ceremony itself that were both typical and distracting: Don avoided Peggy, Megan greeted Peggy, the gang commented on the awful placement of their table, etc. Three things in a row pulled focus even further away from the potential content of the episode itself: that creepy Ethan from "Lost" turned out as an out-to-lunch weirdo. Also, Harry Hamlin showed up as Ted Chaugh's partner Jim Cutler, and I have to believe we'll be seeing him again (if you're over the age of 40, you probably spent the next few minutes gasping, "Holy shit, that's Harry Hamlin! Harry Hamlin is on 'Mad Men'!" If you were never an "L.A. Law" fan you may not have had that reaction, but trust me, many of your fellow viewer did.)

We were barely able to process the appearance of Hamlin before we all began squinting, as did Joan and the rest of the SCCP employees, to see if we could see Paul Newman. Of course, our rational brains knew that "Mad Men" would never even attempt to show us the iconic visage of 1968 Paul Newman up close, but come on -- it's Paul Newman! We were craning our neck and squinting with the best of them, and we were so concerned with rubbernecking that we were barely thinking about "Mad Men" as a TV show at all.

Just when our distraction was set to absolute maximum, "Mad Men" lowered the boom. As it has done on a few occasions in the past, it dwelled extensively on national tragedy and showed how it affected (or didn't affect) a whole range of characters. Which 1960s events will be dealt with in glancing fashion and which ones will get much more serious exposure? The fact that we never know usually makes the impact of the "current events" episodes even greater.

Certainly, if the show were going to deal with one huge national event this season, this was the one to focus on. The assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was an enormous event that affected the course of American history. Thanks to the various strategies employed by the show, the news felt as though it came from nowhere (though, as more than one character noted, it's not as if such an event hadn't been predicted). Even if we had speculated before the season began about whether this enormous incident would be discussed during the season, thanks to "The Flood's" stealthiness, the events of that April day felt like a bolt from the blue.

And that was completely intentional, given how stunned people were then. That event mentally dislocated most people and left them feeling bereft, afraid and unsure of what to do next. Many of us were probably too young to remember that awful day, but those who were old enough to process it probably still remember it vividly. And even those of us aware or alive then can draw on our memories of other horrific moments in American. It was unsettling, to say the least, to see characters glued to news coverage, as we were just a week or so ago when events in Boston played themselves out. At moments like that, we look at the screen and feel both numb and a dozen roiling emotions. Just like Don.

Surely we can all relate to the moments of reassessment that took place in many of the characters' lives. Tragedy forces people to take a hard look at what they value and why; it stops everything and compels people to think about what rules matter, what they want and where they're going. Things don't look the same, and even if they get back to a kind of normal, people have been altered -- at least some of them.

You know it's a world gone terribly awry when Pete Campbell seems like a good guy.

Actually, that statement is a bit too facetious. Pete is indeed a world-class jackass much of the time, but he's always been remarkably forward-thinking and egalitarian when it comes to matters of race. Think back to his astonishment when the firm brushed off his attempts to pursue African-American consumers. That kind of bias struck him as both dumb and unfair. When it comes to work matters, Pete has generally been fairly level-headed and realistic, and he knew that, if nothing else, racism was simply bad for business.

Clearly his dressing down of Harry was partly driven by the loneliness he's felt since Trudy kicked him out of the house -- the idea of a family being torn apart wounded him in part due to the dicey state of his marriage. But I like to think there are a few shreds of something like decency in Pete Campbell, and he really was just sickened by Harry's insensitive and thoughtless comments. If SCDP goes out of business one day, it's because the company is being run not by people who really understand the new generation coming up, but by people who don't want prime-time programming interfered with for any reason.

Harry and Pete both may be unhappy, skirt-chasing ad men, but their loud confrontation reminded us how very different they are at their cores. It's hard to think of this kind of tragedy prompting the blinkered Harry into trying to make a real connection with another human being, particularly someone of another race. Pete tried that with the man delivering his Chinese food near the end of the hour, but it didn't work out. Was that attempt at conversation driven by the fact that Pete was lonely? Was it prompted by the enormity of the news itself? By the fact that the man was Chinese? It's hard to say, but it didn't work. Likewise, Pete's phone call with Trudy didn't break down her resolve to avoid him as much as possible.

Pete and Trudy, Pete and the delivery man, Pete and Harry: Notice a theme? Soon after the news of the assassination broke, group scenes became something of a rarity. There was the meeting with Marshall and a few other scenes with three or more people, but most of the scenes in the rest of the episode featured two people. Two by two, as happened when people boarded the Ark during the flood. This being "Mad Men," most of the pairings weren't quite in harmony.

However, shaken out of their complacency, some characters made a kind of progress in their lives. Don and Bobby shared some reasonably decent father-son bonding time, even if, as Don admitted to Megan, the fact that he had no examples of positive parental intimacy means he's often terrible at it.

Both Peggy and Abe took opportunities as a result of the week's tragic events: Abe got an assignment from the New York Times and Peggy allowed herself to be steered into underbidding on an apartment. The latter strategy backfired, but at least it led to a conversation with Abe about their future, which he sees as involving kids. This was news to Peggy, who's spent a lot of her life steeling herself for disappointment.

It's hard not to have my heart tied up in knots when Peggy looks as hopeful as she did after Abe mentioned the prospect of children. I desperately want Peggy to have hope in her life (and she clearly desires at least some of the conventional life that she was raised to want). But I can't help but feel that, as with the case with the apartment, Peggy and Abe are not "meant to be." In my view, Peggy is settling for this guy, and because she's awesome, I want more for her than she wants for herself. But experience has been a harsh teacher, as evidenced by Peggy's intermittent desire to tamp down her exuberant smile. Oh Pegs. I want more for you, but I also fear that you want more than you're going to be able to handle.

Henry also came to a realization about wanting to further his political ambitions and Betty was tantalized by the possibility of her status improving if Husband No. 2 ascends the political ladder, but I'll be honest: I'm more fascinated by the lint in the lint trap of my dryer than anything to do with Henry and Betty. Moving on.

More misdirection: Randall Walsh is obviously a Complete Loon, thus his scenes were played somewhat for laughs (there are few things I enjoy more than watching a very stoned Stan Rizzo contemplate ridiculous people and things). But there was also a lot of truth to what he said, certainly about Don's desire not to look at anything honestly. It's true: Don would rather ignore the obvious, cloak things in spin, and ignore the fact that he's an animal crying out in pain.

Of course Randall's desire to shove the Truth in people's faces -- with an ad that said, more or less, "Buy my insurance in case your building gets torched!" -- is a terrible idea, and the team rightly regards it with varying levels of incredulity. (Having said that, Stan was probably thinking, "This guy's awesome! I have to find out where he gets his drugs!"). But Randall was just another reminder that the kind of elegant obfuscation that is Don's stock in trade is largely going by the wayside. Don keeps encountering people who assault his worldview -- hippies, rock chicks, swingers, drugged-out weirdos -- and if, like Harry, he thinks this is all going to stop soon, he's got another thing coming.

"This cannot be made good," Pete snarls, and he's right. More and more these days, characters are finding themselves on the opposite sides of unbridgeable gulfs. Pete and Harry may shake hands, but they use that moment to say even more furious things to each other, and Bert's attempts at placating them are exceptionally ineffectual. Bert, the voice of reason, a man who could stop contentious meetings cold with one or two well-placed words in the past, is now regarded more or less as a house plant that talks. Feelings run too deep these days, and the go-along, get-along attitude of Bert's generation (and that of Roger and Don's generations) just isn't going to work miracles anymore.

Nor are hugs a panacea for anything. It was interesting to regard the various awkward hugs in the episode: Don hugged Megan as she wept at the awards ceremony, but he looked blank and his actions felt mechanical. Joan, who's of a similar age, looked even more awkward trying to hug a surprised Dawn. That sort of emotional moment doesn't come easily to Don or Joan, especially with employees, and the Dawn scene reflected that (Don didn't even attempt to hug her, which felt more right than Joan's well-intentioned but strange embrace).

Peggy, who's more than a decade younger than Joan and Don, looked far more natural embracing her secretary Phyllis, even if it's clear that the women are not really friends, nor are they ever likely to be friends. That awful day made the black and white characters realize just how big a gap still remained between them. Peggy is clearly a well-intentioned person, but the road to hell, as they say, is paved with good intentions. As she did with Dawn last year, Peggy tripped herself up; in this case, she referred to what occurred in the city as "not as bad" as it could have been. There were a host of assumptions contained in that statement, and both she and Phyllis knew it, but as was the case when Dawn stayed over last year, after a moment of awkwardness, both women chose to ignore what passed between then.

In different ways, though, Joan, Peggy, Pete and Don were trying to bridge gulfs with people, but given how self-absorbed and/or work-focused these people typically are, their efforts were only partially successful. Still, they tried, and that counts for something, even though it was clear most people were out of their depth, uncertain and uncomfortable.

Don may have been able to bridge the gap between himself and his older son, a little, and possibly decrease the distance between his wife and himself, but he was very much alone on that balcony. The sirens sounded close, but his loved ones -- including Sylvia -- felt very far away.

A few more notes and observations:

• Speaking of Sylvia, one of the sources of suspense for this episode was wondering how everything turned out for her and her husband. The episode left us hanging when it came to that couple, but I think that actually worked in "The Flood's" favor. This was an episode all about feeling fractured and unsettled, and it made sense for Don to still feel off-kilter when it ended.
• What didn't work for me: I didn't believe that Betty, despite being the worst, would really want her kids in the city, to the point of not letting Don just come and get them the next day. Betty may be a horrid mother sometimes, but that seemed unreasonable, even for her. What an ungainly plot contrivance.
• Another thing that didn't quite work for me: Jon Hamm's performance was typically powerful in the last Don-Megan scene, but her tears at his confession about his own father were jarring. We've seen Don pull this move before -- confide just enough about his past to keep whoever he's with on the hook and hopeful that they might receive another crumb of intimacy someday. It's hard to explain my reaction to that scene: It's not that I think Don was consciously manipulating Megan, but we've seen that kind of thing from Don so often that it's hard for it not to feel at least a little cynical about it. And Megan, the guy who you're crying for? He was an absolute shit to you quite recently in your dressing room. Obviously the couple patched things up after he confronted her about her love scenes, but her deep sympathy is somewhat hard to buy, given recently we saw him being awful to her. But maybe when a gal has a withholding Marxist for a father, anything's possible.
• There was a Look between Peggy and Ted at that awards banquet. I wasn't alone in catching how significantly they looked at each other, was I? Also notice how eager Ted seemed to be to sit next to her -- but of course he had to engage in negging to counteract his obvious interest. His interest in his wife, by the way, seemed pretty fake.
• As we saw when the camera showed Megan's award, Don and Megan (and presumably Peggy) did stay for the rest of the ceremony, which seems odd, but somehow in keeping with the fact that denial was more of a thing then.
• I loved Roger's deadpan reaction to Randall's imitation of Tecumseh: "I had forgotten that."
• Clueless Betty is still clueless: Bobby's peeling of the wallpaper pre-dates the week's huge news, but she blames it on current evens rather than anything else going on in his life.
• This week in Whatever Could That Symbol Mean: The wallpaper, which is meant to cover up what came before, is not aligned! The child peels it away to cover what's underneath! That couldn't be a subtle nod to the fact that Betty's new family is full of mismatched people trying to forget who they used to be, could it? I wonder!
• Prediction: Jim Cutler & Roger Sterling will meet in a future episode and have a silver fox-off. Then they will go on an epic secretary-chasing bender.
• When you want a character to give off a "Danger: Here is a Very Weird Guy, Possibly With a Head in His Freezer" vibe, you cast William Mapother, who's possibly best known as the ultra-creepy Ethan on "Lost."
• Based on the charm he displayed on his big date with Beverley, Ginsburg is going to remain a virgin for some time to come. His running commentary on what a terrible date he was, however, was pretty amusing.
• "The man knew how to talk. I don't know why but I thought that would save him." Figures Roger would want another man who was very good with words to survive.
• I don't know about you, but I felt echoes of "The Grown-Ups," the Season 3 episode in which the characters reacted to the JFK assassination, in "The Flood." I haven't watched "The Grown-Ups" recently, but I seem to recall that hour having a similarly charged vibe.
• Of course there is a wealth of historical information about Dr. King's life and death available, but I want to mention one of those resources. The Smithsonian Channel's "MLK: The Assassination Tapes," which won a Peabody Award this year, is an hourlong documentary that uses only audio recordings and video footage from 1968 -- much of it from local news media -- of the coverage of King's visit to Memphis and the aftermath of his death. It's a fascinating on-the-ground chronicle of what actually happened in Memphis that spring.

"Mad Men" airs 10 p.m. ET Sundays on AMC.

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Don Draper (Jon Hamm), Sylvia Rosen (Linda Cardellini) and Arnold Rosen (Brian Markinson)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Don Draper (Jon Hamm), Sylvia Rosen (Linda Cardellini) and Arnold Rosen (Brian Markinson)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Don Draper (Jon Hamm)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Don Draper (Jon Hamm) and Sylvia Rosen (Linda Cardellini)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Sylvia Rosen (Linda Cardellini)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Don Draper (Jon Hamm) and Sylvia Rosen (Linda Cardellini)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Don Draper (Jon Hamm)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Trudy Campbell (Alison Brie)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Pete Campbell (Vincent Kartheiser), Brenda (Collette Wolfe)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Pete Campbell (Vincert Kartheiser)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Trudy Campbell (Alison Brie)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Don Draper (Jon Hamm), Raymond Geiger (John Sloman) and Tim Jablonski (Kip Pardue)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Raymond Geiger (John Sloman) and Tim Jablonski (Kip Pardue)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Young Dick Whitman (Brandon Killham) and Abigail Whitman (Brynn Horrocks)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Young Dick Whitman (Brandon Killham) and Mack Johnson (Morgan Rusler)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Joan Harris (Christina Hendricks)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Sylvia Rosen (Linda Cardellini)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Megan Draper (Jessica Par?)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Sylvia Rosen (Linda Cardellini) and Megan Draper (Jessica Par?)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Peggy Olson (Elisabeth Moss)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Ted Chaough (Kevin Rahm)

• "Mad Men," "The Collaborators"

  Megan Draper (Jessica Par?) and Don Draper (Jon Hamm)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Arnold Rosen (Brian Markinson) and Sylvia Rosen (Linda Cardellini)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Arnold Rosen (Brian Markinson), Sylvia Rosen (Linda Cardellini), Megan Draper (Jessica Par?) and Don Draper (Jon Hamm)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Arnold Rosen (Brian Markinson), Sylvia Rosen (Linda Cardellini), Megan Draper (Jessica Par?) and Don Draper (Jon Hamm)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Don Draper (Jon Hamm), Arnold Rosen (Brian Markinson) and Sylvia Rosen (Linda Cardellini)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Don Draper (Jon Hamm)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Megan Draper (Jessica Par?)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Megan Draper (Jessica Par?) and Don Draper (Jon Hamm)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Betty Francis (January Jones)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Sally Draper (Kiernan Shipka)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Betty Francis (January Jones)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Betty Francis (January Jones)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Roger Sterling (John Slattery)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Roger Sterling (John Slattery) and Jane Sterling (Peyton List)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Mona Sterling (Talia Balsam)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Photographer (Michael Bunin), Caroline (Beth Hall), Roger Sterling (John Slattery), Don Draper (Jon Hamm) and Pete Campbell (Vincent Kartheiser)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Roger Sterling (John Slattery), Don Draper (Jon Hamm) and Pete Campbell (Vincent Kartheiser)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Pete Campbell (Vincent Kartheiser)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Roger Sterling (John Slattery)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Joan Harris (Christina Hendricks)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Don Draper (Jon Hamm)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Megan Draper (Jessica Par?) and Don Draper (Jon Hamm)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Megan Draper (Jessica Par?)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Megan Draper (Jessica Par?) and Master of Ceremonies (Kalani Queypo)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Don Draper (Jon Hamm)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Don Draper (Jon Hamm)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Dinkins (Patrick Mapel) and Don Draper (Jon Hamm)

• "Mad Men" Season 6 Premiere, "The Doorway"

  Megan Draper (Jessica Par?)

• Don Draper

  Don Draper (Jon Hamm)

• Peggy Olson

  Peggy Olson (Elisabeth Moss)

?

Follow Maureen Ryan on Twitter: www.twitter.com/moryan

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/maureen-ryan/mad-men-recap-flood_b_3176604.html

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Gigabyte P2742G-CF1

Looking for an affordable gaming laptop? The Gigabyte P2742G-CF1 ($1,499.00 list) might fit the bill. In a category where prices regularly register in the thousands, it's nice to see a gaming rig that costs less than a used car. While the performance isn't quite as stunning as you'll find in other gaming laptops, the Gigabyte P2742G-CF1 does offer a longer lasting battery than more expensive competitors.

Design
As with most gaming laptops, Gigabyte didn't make this rig with portability in mind. When closed, it measures 1.92 by 16.3 by 10.9 inches (HWD)?roughly the same size as the Asus G75VW-DH72, and too big to fit into a standard laptop bag. The P2742G-CF1 also has a plastic chassis, but it's no lightweight, tipping the scales at just over 7 pounds (7.05), though it is lighter than the Asus G75VW-DH72 (8.7 pounds). Our review unit is all black?what Gigabyte confusingly calls "svelte black," though the laptop is by no means slim?but it's also available with an orange lid.

The full-size keyboard has the expected chiclet keys, with decent separation between individual keys, but no backlight and no real gap between the keyboard proper and the 10-key numeric pad. As a result, inattentive touch typists might find themselves drifting into the numeric pad with no discernible extra space to distinguish the two bodies of keys. The touchpad is decent sized?1.8 by 3.6 inches?but I did find myself wishing that it used separate right and left mouse buttons instead of a combined button bar.

The 17.3-inch display offers 1,920-by-1,080 resolution, with a matte coating to reduce glare. The resolution and color quality of the display is quite nice, and during benchmark tests and game testing I never saw any blurring or smearing. You may want to use two hands when opening and closing the lid, however, because the plastic lid and bezel flex quite a bit and the hinges are a little stiff.

A pair of two-watt speakers positioned above the keyboard provide decent sound, enhanced by THX TruStudio Pro. They won't equal a dedicated sound system, but they offer good volume and clear sound, with moderate bass. When tested with Silent Shout, by The Knife, the speakers offer richer low end than I had expected, but still can't top the integrated subwoofers found in the Asus G75VW-DH72 or the Maingear Nomad 17 Ultimate.

Features
On the right of the system you'll find two USB 3.0 ports, a combination USB 3.0/eSATA port, HDMI output, and a multiformat card reader (SD, MMS, MS Pro/Duo). On the left, a tray-loading Blu-ray drive lets you watch HD movies and burn DVDs, plus you'll find a single USB 2.0 port, and a trio of audio connections (headphone, mic, and S/PDIF). On the back is a VGA monitor connection and an AC power connector. Gigabit Ethernet will probably be your networking connection of choice, but 802.11n Wi-Fi does the trick without the cable, and Bluetooth 4.0 lets you wirelessly connect an array of devices.

For storage that balances speedy performance with affordable capacity, the Gigabyte P2742G-CF1 is outfitted with both a 128GB solid-state drive (SSD) and a 1TB 5,400 rpm hard drive. That combination provides more than enough space for a large library of installed games and locally stored media, while the SSD ensures snappy performance and rapid start up. With three slots for RAM, the system's 8GB of RAM can actually be bumped up to a whopping 24GB, so there is the opportunity for upgrading in the future.

Aside from Windows 8 and a few media utilities (for virtual surround sound, audio enhancement, and volume optimization) Gigabyte doesn't add any software to the Gigabyte P2742G-CF1. What it does add, however, is a two-year warranty covering the laptop against defect and a one-year warranty on the battery and power adapter.

Performance
The P2742G-CF1 is equipped with a 2.4GHz quad-core Intel Core i7-3630QM processor paired with 8GB of RAM. It's the same processor found in the MSI GT70 One-609US Dragon Edition and the Asus G75VW-DH72, but with half the RAM. The resulting performance is on par with other similarly equipped systems, as seen in PCMark 7, where it scored 4,564 points, falling between the Cyberpower Xplorer X6-9120 (4,446 points) and the MSI GT70 One-609US Dragon Edition (5,182 points).

The difference in RAM led to significant gaps in Cinebench, where the P2742G-CF1 scored a respectable 4.75 points, but fell well behind both the MSI GT70 One-609US Dragon Edition (6.41) and the Asus G75VW-DH72 (6.44), despite the fact that all three utilize the same model of processor. Similar differences were seen in multimedia tests, where the Gigabyte finished Handbrake in 40 seconds and Photoshop CS6 in 4 minutes 56 seconds, as compared to the MSI GT70 One-609US Dragon Edition and the Asus G75VW-DH72, which both completed Handbrake in 36 seconds and Photoshop in 3:32.

The Gigabyte P2742G-CF1 is outfitted with an Nvidia GeForce GTX 660M with 2GB of dedicated memory. The single GPU offers playable performance in our gaming tests, offering 50 frames per second (fps) in Alien vs. Predator and 38 fps in Heaven, but only with resolution dropped to 1366 by 768 and detail settings dialed down. Competing systems, however, offer better graphics thanks to higher-powered GPUs?the MSI GT70 One-609US Dragon Edition, for example pumped out 35 fps in Aliens vs. Predator and 58 fps in Heaven, but did so at full 1920 by 1080 resolution, with all the eye candy turned up. Bottom line: You'll be able to play all of your games, but the overall performance will take a hit. That's the compromise you'll have to accept for the lower price.

While the performance isn't earth-shattering, the battery life is better than competitors are offering, lasting 4 hours 22 minutes in our rundown test. That's 10 minutes longer than the longest lasting competitor, the MSI GT70 One-609US Dragon Edition, over an hour longer than the Asus G75VW-DH72 (3:02), and nearly four times as long as the Maingear Nomad 17 (1:06). Battery life is generally the Achilles heel of gaming laptops, but because the Gigabyte P2742G-CF1 backs off on performance, the 77Wh battery stretches farther than most.

Conclusion
Lower prices in gaming laptops are almost always accompanied by reduced performance, and the Gigabyte P2742G-CF1 is no exception. Aside from the lower performance scores, however, the P2742G-CF1 still offers playable performance at medium graphics settings, and lasts longer than more expensive gaming rigs, making it a good choice for the gamer that prizes affordability and portability over raw performance. While the slightly more expensive Asus G75VW-DH72 remains our Editors' Choice for mid-range gaming laptop due to its better graphics performance, the Gigabyte P2742G-CF1 is still worth a look.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ziffdavis/pcmag/~3/8zfPXV82fl4/0,2817,2418124,00.asp

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Obama: "There've been times where Michelle probably felt like a single mom" (Washington Bureau)

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TRAPPIST participated in the detection of ten percent of all transiting exoplanets known to date

Apr. 25, 2013 ? Among the many planets detected orbiting other stars (exoplanets) over the last twenty years, a little less than three hundred periodically pass in front of their star. This is what astronomers call a planetary transit. Exoplanets that "transit" their stars are key objects for the study of other planetary systems, because they are the only planets beyond our solar system that can be studied in detail, both in terms of their physical parameters (mass, radius, orbital parameters) and their atmospheric properties (thermal structure, dynamics, composition).

The University of Liege (ULg) is deeply involved in this exciting research topic, notably through its TRAPPIST[1] robotic telescope installed in 2010 in one of the best astronomical sites of the world, the La Silla European Southern Observatory in the Chilean Atacama desert. One of the scientific objectives of this telescope is the detection and study of exoplanets via the accurate measurement of their transits. In just three years, it has fully demonstrated its great potential in this area. Indeed, TRAPPIST participated in the detection of thirty planets, representing ten percent of all transiting exoplanets known to date. This important contribution is the result of the excellent expertise of the Liege astronomers, and their active collaboration with other international teams of "planet hunters," including the Swiss team of Professor Didier Queloz, co-discoverer of the first exoplanet in 1995.

Among the thirty exoplanets co-detected by TRAPPIST, most are gas giants similar to Jupiter, but in much closer orbits. "With the intense radiation that they undergo from their star, these planets are real gold mines for the study of other worlds," says Micha?l Gillon, Principal Investigator of the TRAPPIST exoplanets program. "Indeed, it makes possible a number of measurements that give us access to valuable information on their atmospheric properties. " TRAPPIST also detected the transit of a planet twice smaller than Jupiter orbiting a nearby star much less massive than the Sun. "The name of this small planet is GJ3470b" continues Micha?l Gillon, "and it has a mass and a size comparable to those of Uranus and Neptune, suggesting a composition rich in water ice. The detection of this planet much smaller than Jupiter is very exciting, not only for its own study, but also because it demonstrates that by focusing on even less massive stars, TRAPPIST should be able to detect rocky planets similar in size and mass to Earth. Our current projects go in that direction. "

Probably dreaming of other Earths too, TRAPPIST continues to observe the gorgeous Chilean sky night after night, to the delight of Liege astronomers that analyze its valuable data thirteen thousand kilometers away ...

[1] TRAPPIST stands for TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope.

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Journal Reference:

1. M. Gillon, D. R. Anderson, A. Collier-Cameron, A. P. Doyle, A. Fumel, C. Hellier, E. Jehin, M. Lendl, P. F. L. Maxted, J. Montalban, F. Pepe, D. Pollacco, D. Queloz, D. Segransan, A. M. S. Smith, B. Smalley, J. Southworth, A. H. M. J. Triaud, S. Udry, R. G. West. WASP-64b and WASP-72b: two new transiting highly irradiated giant planets. Astronomy and Astrophysic, 2013 [link]

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/4DOSGoWcq2k/130425103237.htm

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Five Things You Didn't Know About The Real-Life 'Pain & Gain'

By Tara Fowler This weekend, Michael Bay will try to erase the sting of "Armageddon" with the true-crime feature "Pain & Gain." Personally, I've never met a Bay film I haven't liked (well, maybe Pearl Harbor), so I couldn't be more psyched for this movie, which centers on three Florida bodybuilders—Daniel Lugo, Adrian Doorbal, and [...]

Source: http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2013/04/25/pain-and-gain-things-you-didnt-know/

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How a Quaker missionary from Philly became India's Johnny Appleseed

Samuel Evans Stokes?spent years trying to persuade his neighbors in the Himalayas to grow apples, giving away plants freely until?locals took to apple farming and Indians took to Red Delicious.

By Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar,?Correspondent / April 22, 2013

A community hall in rural India is not the place you would expect to find a garlanded portrait or statue of a Quaker missionary from Philadelphia. But both those things can be found at the farmers? hall in Thanedar, the ?apple bowl? of the Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh in India.

Skip to next paragraph Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar

India Correspondent

Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar is a freelance journalist based in Mumbai, India. She previously worked with?The Christian Science Monitor?as a staff editor on the national news desk in Boston from 2008-2010. She has also worked for?The Times of India?in Mumbai and?Time Out Mumbai.?She has a master's in journalism from Columbia University.?

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Every farmer here can ? and will ? tell you about Samuel Evans Stokes, or Satyanand Stokes as he came to be known. He was an American missionary who settled in this area in the early 20^th century, participated in India?s struggle for independence as a co-traveller of Mahatma Gandhi, and became the Johnny Appleseed of the northwestern Himalayas.

Stokes seeded a horticultural revolution when he planted five saplings of Red Delicious ? bought from the Starks Brothers nursery in Louisiana ? on his farm here in 1916, and helped convert locals to apple farming.

Stokes?s extraordinary journey began in turn-of-the-19^th -century Philadelphia where, at a church meeting, he heard an American doctor talk about working with lepers in India. Inspired, this son of a wealthy Quaker family (the founders of the elevator manufacturers, Stokes and Parish Machine Company) gave up his post-graduate studies at Cornell University and joined the doctor on a steamship to Bombay in 1904.

For a time, according to family accounts, Stokes worked at the doctor?s home for lepers in the plains. He fell ill and was sent to recuperate in the hills near Shimla, then the summer capital of the British Raj, at a cantonment village called Kotgarh.

Smitten by Kotgarh ? which Rudyard Kipling called ?mistress of the hills? ? Stokes stayed on. He experimented with renunciation, living in a cave like an Indian sadhu, and founded the Brotherhood of Imitation of Jesus, traveling from village to village preaching. A few years later, he married an Indian woman, bought a former tea estate in Thanedar, and focused on farming. ?In 1914, he took local soil samples to America, returning with Red Delicious stocks.

Stokes spent years trying to persuade his neighbors to grow apples, giving away plants freely, says Vidya Stokes, who married Samuel Stokes?s son, Lal Chand, and is the current horticulture minister of Himachal Pradesh.

Initially, few farmers listened, she said. They knew only the cooking apples the British had brought ? Granny Smith and Pippin varieties that were too sour for Indian tastes.?

Stokes taught the boys in the school he established how to graft the plants, says Vidya Stokes. ?Their parents were skeptical, so the boys planted the saplings on the borders of their family farms,? she says.

When the first crops of Red Delicious came, however, ?everyone came to see,? she says. ?The apples were sweet. People realized they could make money from this.?

And they did ? Himachal?s apple orchards are valued today at around $550 million and provide a livelihood to more than 100,000 farmers.

Farming wasn?t the only way in which Samuel Stokes sought to help society, however. A believer in racial equality and social justice, he campaigned successfully to end a colonial system of forced labor in the hills and joined the Indian freedom struggle: signing petitions, engaging in debates on strategy with Gandhi and other nationalists, and adopting Indian clothes.

In 1921, he was the only non-Indian to be invited by Gandhi to sign a nationalist manifesto calling on Indians to quit government service ? he signed ? and was imprisoned for six months on charges of sedition.

In his later years, Samuel Stokes became more contemplative. In 1932, he and his family converted to Hindusim and changed his name to Satyanand. The temple he built ? without idols ? as well as Stokes?s home can still be seen today on his 200-acre estate in Thanedar. Most of Stokes descendants now live in America. ?

Stokes?s portrait also hangs in the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library in New Delhi, alongside pictures of Mahatma Gandhi and other leaders of the Indian independence movement.

But it?s the farmers of Himachal Pradesh who remember him ? as the man who transformed the region and their lives ? with apples from America.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/csmonitor/globalnews/~3/ux00U-T55_Y/How-a-Quaker-missionary-from-Philly-became-India-s-Johnny-Appleseed

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6 Steps To a Better Budget in Under 20 Minutes | Personal Finance ...

Many of us recognize having a personal budget helps keep tabs on our money and stick to financial goals. But many fail to stick with a budget due to several problems, like: they can take too much time, become too complicated, or simply aren?t helpful.

Do you have problems with your budget? Here?s how to solve them and create a better budget in less than 20 minutes.

1. Start with a tested system
While creating your own custom budget might seem like the best approach, it could also be waste of time. A better idea: start with systems and templates others have already created.

Dave Ramsey has a great quick-start budget?you can download for free. Or you can use free Google Docs templates?to make a budget spreadsheet. Both options include common expenses so there?s no need to rack your brain to think of where your money goes.

Whatever budget you start with, feel free to customize the system as you?d like once you get a feel for what works best.

2. Look back on spending
If you?ve ever tried to guess your monthly spending, you?ve likely been surprised at how far off your estimates can be.

Spend some time digging up checking and credit card statements for the last month or two. Pull up bills you?ve paid, too. Tally up what you?ve spent in every category and use that to help build your budget going forward.

3. Assign every dollar
Set up your budget so income minus expenses equals zero, no more and no less.

This exercise helps in a few ways:

• Makes sure you don?t go over budget. The point of budgeting is to spend less than you earn. Making sure your budgeted expenses don?t exceed income is a good first step.
• You?ll feel like every dollar is already ?spent.??By leaving nothing out of your budget, you don?t have to think about where any extra money goes.
• Goals become expenses. You don?t actually spend money when transferring it to savings or retirement accounts. But including savings in your budget makes money goals feel mandatory rather than optional.

Keep in mind: no budget is going to be perfect on the first try. It?s likely you won?t stay within your budget in every category. That doesn?t mean you?ve failed. You may just need to adjust your budget.

4. Keep it simple
Super-detailed budgets may seem helpful for precisely track spending. But doing this can be overwhelming and the benefits might not be worth the added effort.

If trying to pinpoint spending in every tiny category turns you off to budgeting, use fewer categories. Don?t feel you have to fill in every box from the budgeting templates above.

Don?t be afraid to lump expenses like discretionary spending. Going to the movies, eating at restaurants, and enjoying a night at the bar all fall under one category: entertainment. If you?re not picky about how money is spent for entertainment, don?t bother separating them.

5. Build in irregular expenses
Irregular expenses like insurance, charitable donations, and vacations?can ruin a budget. These likely aren?t consistent monthly expenses, and many of these add up to several hundred dollars when you have to pay for them.

Figure out the yearly costs of these items and divide the total by 12. Set aside money in a separate account monthly to pay for these things, and withdraw money from this account when bills are due.

6. Use rewards to stay motivated
Budgets shouldn?t be all about sacrifice, and staying on track can be a lot of work. It?s easy to stray from your budget, especially when you?re tempted to spend money just like your friends do.

Add extra incentives to meet your monthly budget. One strategy: let yourself splurge using budgeted money you didn?t spend. Reward yourself with a night out for all your hard work. You?ve earned it!

What are your major budgeting challenges? Do you have any tips for fixing them?

Jeffrey Trull?is a freelance writer and blogger with a passion for helping others pay down debt, save money, and spend on what they love. His work has been featured on Money Talks News, MSN Money, and MainStreet. You can find him on?Twitter.

Source: http://www.pageonce.com/blog/2013/04/24/6-steps-to-a-better-budget-in-under-20-minutes/

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Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Probably Practiced Radical Islam Without Major Terror Connections

Police Leave The Scene After Capturing Suspect

Members of a police S.W.A.T. team exit Franklin Street moments after 19-year-old bombing suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev was apprehended on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. A manhunt for a Tsarnaev ended this evening with his capture on a boat parked on a residential property in Watertown, Massachusetts.

Relieved Police Officers After Suspect's Capture

Two police officers laugh while securing the area around Franklin Street on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. A manhunt for a suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev, 19, ended this evening with his capture on a boat parked on a residential property in Watertown, Massachusetts.

Watertown Residents Celebrate

Residents applaud after the capture of the second of two suspects wanted in the Boston Marathon bombings April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts.

Media Interview Cops After Suspect Captured

A SWAT team member is followed by reporters and a celebrating crowd after the successful operation to capture 19-year-old bombing suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts.

Watertown Residents Waiting As Police Closed In On Suspect

Residents await the capture of the second of two suspects wanted in the Boston Marathon bombings April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. Thousands of heavily armed police staged an intense manhunt for a Chechen teenager suspected in the Boston marathon bombings with his brother, who was killed in a shootout.

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Law enforcement approach an area reportedly where a suspect is hiding on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shoot out with police, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15, that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Darren McCollester / Getty Images)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Law enforcement approach an area reportedly where a suspect is hiding on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shoot out with police, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15, that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Darren McCollester / Getty Images)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Resident Rosie Meyer, who said she heard gunshots, reacts while watching police respond on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shoot out with police, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men, reportedly Chechen of origin, are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15, that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Mario Tama / Getty Images)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Police officers guard the entrance to Franklin street where there is an active crime scene search for the suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings, Friday, April 19, 2013, in Watertown, Mass. Gunfire erupted Friday night amid the manhunt for the surviving suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, and police in armored vehicles and tactical gear rushed into the Watertown neighborhood in a possible break in the case. (Matt Rourke / AP)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Mimi de Quesada, of Watertown, Mass., reacts while standing by her home in the wake of the sound of shots fired in Watertown, Mass., Friday, April 19, 2013, as a massive search continued for one of two suspects in the Boston Marathon bombings. De Quesada said she had just come out to enjoy the day when the shots rang out about two blocks form her home. A second suspect died in the early morning hours after an encounter with law enforcement. (Craig Ruttle / AP)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

An officer evacuates a child away from an area where a suspect is hiding on Franklin St., on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shoot out with police, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15, that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Darren McCollester / Getty Images)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Law enforcement approach an area reportedly where a suspect is hiding on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shoot out with police, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15, that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Darren McCollester / Getty Images)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

People watch as police search for suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings, Friday, April 19, 2013, in Watertown, Mass. Gunfire erupted Friday night amid the manhunt for the surviving suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, and police in armored vehicles and tactical gear rushed into the Watertown neighborhood in a possible break in the case. (Matt Rourke / AP)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Many different law enforcement agencies descend on an area around Franklin Street on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shootout with police, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15 that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Jared Wickerham / Getty Images)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Police converge near the scene where it was believed 19-year-old bombing suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev is in hiding on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shoot out with police, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men, reportedly Chechen of origin, are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15, that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Spencer Platt / Getty Images)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Law enforcement approach an area reportedly where a suspect is hiding on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shoot out with police, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15, that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Darren McCollester / Getty Images)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Law enforcement approach an area reportedly where a suspect is hiding on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shoot out with police, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15, that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Darren McCollester / Getty Images)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

People react while watching police respond to a reported shooting on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shoot out with police, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men, reportedly Chechen of origin, are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15, that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Mario Tama / Getty Images)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Members of a police S.W.A.T. team run to the scene where it was believed 19-year-old bombing suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev is in hiding on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shoot out with police, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men, reportedly of Chechen origin, are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15, that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Spencer Platt / Getty Images)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Police converge near the scene where it was believed 19-year-old bombing suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev is in hiding on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shoot out with police, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men, reportedly of Chechen origin, are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15, that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Spencer Platt / Getty Images)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Family members who fled the scene where it was believed 19-year-old bombing suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev is in hiding are comforted on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shoot out with police, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men, reportedly of Chechen origin, are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15, that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Spencer Platt / Getty Images)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Members of a police S.W.A.T. team run to the area where it was believed 19-year-old bombing suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev is hiding on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shoot out with police last night, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men, reportedly of Chechen of origin, are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15 that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Spencer Platt / Getty Images)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Law enforcement approach an area reportedly where a suspect is hiding on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shoot out with police, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15, that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Darren McCollester / Getty Images)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Law enforcement approach an area reportedly where a suspect is hiding on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shoot out with police, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15, that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Darren McCollester / Getty Images)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Law enforcement approach an area reportedly where a suspect is hiding on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shoot out with police, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15, that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Darren McCollester / Getty Images)

Suspect No, 2's Last Stand

Law enforcement approach an area reportedly where a suspect is hiding on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. After a car chase and shoot out with police, one suspect in the Boston Marathon bombing, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, was shot and killed by police early morning April 19, and a manhunt is underway for his brother and second suspect, 19-year-old Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev. The two men are suspects in the bombings at the Boston Marathon on April 15, that killed three people and wounded at least 170. (Darren McCollester / Getty Images)

The Manhunt Continues

A woman carries a girl from their home as a SWAT team searching for a suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings enters the building in Watertown, Mass., Friday, April 19, 2013. Two suspects in the Boston Marathon bombing killed an MIT police officer, injured a transit officer in a firefight and threw explosive devices at police during their getaway attempt in a long night of violence that left one of them dead and another still at large Friday, authorities said as the manhunt intensified for a young man described as a dangerous terrorist. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)

Manhunt For Bombing Suspect No. 2

Police in tactical gear surround an apartment building while looking for a suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings in Watertown, Mass., Friday, April 19, 2013. All residents of Boston were ordered to stay in their homes Friday morning as the search for the surviving suspect in the marathon bombings continued after a long night of violence that left another suspect dead. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)

Manhunt For Bombing Suspect No. 2

A police officer evacuates a shoeless man holding a child as members of law enforcement conduct a search for a suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings, Friday, April 19, 2013, in Watertown, Mass. Two suspects in the Boston Marathon bombing killed an MIT police officer, injured a transit officer in a firefight and threw explosive devices at police during a getaway attempt in a long night of violence that left one of them dead and another still at large Friday, authorities said as the manhunt intensified for a young man described as a dangerous terrorist. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)

Manhunt For Bombing Suspect No. 2

Residents look out a window as officials inspect an apartment building in Watertown, Mass., Friday, April 19, 2013. Two suspects in the Boston Marathon bombing killed an MIT police officer, injured a transit officer in a firefight and threw explosive devices at police during their getaway attempt in a long night of violence that left one of them dead and another still at large Friday. (AP Photo/Julio Cortez)

Manhunt For Bombing Suspect No. 2

Heavily armed police officers do house to house searches the neighborhoods of Watertown, Mass. Friday, April 19, 2013, as a massive search continued for one of two suspects in the Boston Marathon bombing. A second suspect died in the early morning hours after an encounter with law enforcement. (AP Photo/Craig Ruttle)

Manhunt For Bombing Suspect No. 2

Police in tactical gear conduct a search for a suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings, Friday, April 19, 2013, in Watertown, Mass. The bombs that blew up seconds apart near the finish line of the Boston Marathon left the streets spattered with blood and glass, and gaping questions of who chose to attack and why. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)

Manhunt For Bombing Suspect No. 2

Tactical teams exit an apartment building while searching for a suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings in Watertown, Mass., Friday, April 19, 2013. Two suspects in the Boston Marathon bombing killed an MIT police officer, injured a transit officer in a firefight and threw explosive devices at police during a getaway attempt in a long night of violence that left one of them dead and another still at large Friday, authorities said as the manhunt intensified for a young man described as a dangerous terrorist. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)

Manhunt For Bombing Suspect No. 2

KRON 4 Coverage of the Watertown Mass. Manhunt

Manhunt For Bombing Suspect No. 2

A police officer in tactical gear conducts a search for a suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings, Friday, April 19, 2013, in Watertown, Mass. The bombs that blew up seconds apart near the finish line of the Boston Marathon left the streets spattered with blood and glass, and gaping questions of who chose to attack and why. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)

Manhunt For Bombing Suspect No. 2

Police continue to patrol the neighborhoods of Watertown, Mass. Friday, April 19, 2013, as a massive search continued for one of two suspects in the Boston Marathon bombing. A second suspect died in the early morning hours after an encounter with law enforcement. (AP Photo/Craig Ruttle)

Police Search For Suspect

A police officer with gun drawn searches for a suspect on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. Earlier, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology campus police officer was shot and killed late Thursday night at the school's campus in Cambridge. A short time later, police reported exchanging gunfire with alleged carjackers in Watertown, a city near Cambridge. It's not clear whether the shootings are related or whether either are related to the Boston Marathon bombing.

Manhunt For Bombing Suspect No. 2

The search continues April 19, for the second suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings.

Manhunt For Bombing Suspect No. 2

Man being taken into custody on Nichols Ave and Quimby. Police overheard saying "he has shit all in his pockets."

Manhunt For Bombing Suspect No. 2

A neighbor is escorted to safety as police surround a home while searching for a suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings in Watertown, Mass., Friday, April 19, 2013. The two suspects in the Boston Marathon bombing killed an MIT police officer and hurled explosives at police in a car chase and gun battle overnight that left one of them dead and his brother on the loose, authorities said Friday. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)

Cops In Bullet Proof Vests

Cops suiting up with bullet proof vests in Watertown.

Reports Of Shooting, Explosions In Watertown

A vehicle carrying officers in tactical gear arrives at the Watertown neighborhood of Boston, Friday, April 19, 2013. Dozens of officers and National Guard members are in Watertown, where television outlets report that gunfire and explosions have been heard.

Officers Arrive In Watertown

Officers wearing tactical gear arrive at the Watertown neighborhood of Boston, Friday, April 19, 2013.

A girl looks out the window of her family's home as a SWAT team drives through her neighborhood while searching for a suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings in Watertown, Mass., Friday, April 19, 2013. Two suspects in the Boston Marathon bombing killed an MIT police officer, injured a transit officer in a firefight and threw explosive devices at police during their getaway attempt in a long night of violence that left one of them dead and another still at large Friday, authorities said as the manhunt intensified for a young man described as a dangerous terrorist. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)

FBI On Scene In Watertown

An FBI official arrives at the Watertown neighborhood of Boston, Friday, April 19, 2013.

Police Establishing Perimeter

Boston Police are setting up perimeter tape across Nichols Avenue right now.

Police officers stand guard in a staging area as nearby officials conducts a search for a suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings, Friday, April 19, 2013, in Watertown, Mass. The two suspects in the Boston Marathon bombing killed an MIT police officer and hurled explosives at police in a car chase and gun battle overnight that left one of them dead and his brother on the loose, authorities said Friday. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)

Manhunt For Bombing Suspect No. 2

Boston Police chief on the scene in Boston's Watertown neighborhood.

Christina Wilkie Reports From Watertown

FBI Agents Arrive In Watertown

A half-dozen FBI agents just arrived at the Nichols Ave perimeter. At least one in a bulletproof vest.

Raw Shooting at MIT Watertown

A NewsCenter 5 viewer sent in uncut video of a shootout between police and at least one suspect in the streets of Watertown, Mass.

Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/23/dzhokhar-tsarnaev-without-terror-connections_n_3138151.html

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